Satellites and Spaceflight

Osteoporosis in Spaceflight

No major medical diffifulties were experienced during spaceflight in the era of Russian Vostok/ Voshot or spaceflight programs of Mercury and Gemini, however, when prolonged stays in space stations began in the 1980’s, astronauts or Russian cosmonauts had an increased risk of suffering from renal stones, and resultant bone loss. The detailed mechanism behind this phenomenon is still unknown, bu...

Anemia of spaceflight.

A consistent deficit in the red cell mass has been observed during both the American and Soviet orbital space flights and is sometimes referred to as "astronaut anemia." This may be associated with a reduction in plasma volume so that the hematocrit and the hemoglobin concentration remain unchanged. During the Gemini program, the hypobaric hyperoxic atmosphere of the spacecraft led to oxidative...

Skeletal responses to spaceflight.

Orientation illusions in spaceflight.

Investigations of spontaneous illusory reactions were carried out during space-flights of various durations by ANKETA questionnaires (104 cosmonauts). From a total of 104 cosmonauts, 24, in addition, used a dictaphone to record a verbal description of the illusions and their sensations on tape. Analysis of data generated by ANKETA and the tapes thus recorded have shown that during adaptation to...

Vitamin K Status in Spaceflight and Ground-Based Models of Spaceflight

Bone loss is a well-documented change during and after long-duration spaceflight. Many types of countermeasures to bone loss have been proposed, including vitamin K supplementation. The objective of this series of studies was to measure change in vitamin K status in response to microgravity under a variety of spaceflight and spaceflight analog (model) conditions, including long-duration spacefl...